Basic elements of genetics

For It inherits. the transmission of characters from parents to sons agrees.

The term character comprises whichever particolarita. that it renders a subject only.

The characters can vary in the time (variabilita. genetic)

Various they are the characters transmitted from the parents and they can themselves be grouped in these categories:

-         Anatomical      es.  measure boneses development of muscles

-       Morphologic  es. length of legs or rotondita. of the body

-         Physiological     es. precocita. fertilita.

-         Biological       es. constitution

-         Pathological     es. tares diseases

The cell

And composed from an external membrane and a gelatinous mass (said cytoplasm) from a nucleus that in its turn contains filiform corpuscoli (chromosomes).

In the chromosomes there are various geniuses.

The cormosomi they are disposed to braces (equal 2 to 2) and both are bearers of geniuses of the same character.

L.ultima brace of chromosomes instead and equal and and not said sexual chromosome or eterocromosoma.

All the others are call to you independent.

The sexual chromosomes, as and easy intuitable they determine the sex. In the birds pear tree. to difference of the mammals, diversita. chromosomic the door the female in fact the male sara.     X X while the female X Y.

The Y chromosome pear tree. and particular and it transmits only to some types of character  here therefore the sessolegate dominanze, di.le which pear tree we will deal ahead piu..

Returning to the chromosomes, it must know that every gene in the chromosome has a its precise said place locus .  The gene puo. to have in its locus (or other point) one its varying (To A1) and in this case is spoken about geniuses alleli.

Alleli the A1 of the gene To derives from one mutation. L.insieme of  To and A1 allelomorfa brace determines one.

The Geniuses

They are the joined one of the chromosome able to condition the appearance of 1 or piu. characters.

Conventionally the dominant geniuses are indicated with capital letters and small letters the recessivi.

To second of the genetic patrimony inherited the subject puo. to be:

Omozigote   (2 equal geniuses for 1 pure character therefore)

Eterozigote  (various geniuses in 1 or piu. characters therefore impure)

As an example coupling a parent AA and a parent aa  we will have Aa sons

These, also manifesting itself as To they will be bearers also of to and if it couples you to other to, will be born also sons aa (beyond that Aa sons).

Zygote = fertilized egg

Gamete = mature sexual cell

Subject hybrid = been born from parents with geniuses of various nature (es. canary x cardellino)

Genotype = with of the geniuses of a subject

Phenotype = esteriorita. of the subject es. color forms piume etc.)

Free gene = gene carried from independent

Sexual gene = gene transmitted from sexual chromosome X; the male therefore in the sessolegate dominanze,  manifest the character and of and bearer, the female The Manifest only.

Dominanza

And determined from a character that it always appears in the prole first generation even if impure  example the forelock

Es. T  male t ciuffato (crown)    female t t   smooths down (consort)

Result Tt 50%   and t t 50%

Recessivita.

In the recessive the character?anifestato in 1. generation but does not only evidence when sussistono the conditions that is when both subjects of  the brace are bearers of the same factor or one?uro and l.altro bearer

He inherits intermadia

All or leave of the sons manifest mixed characters of the parents

It inherits sessolegata

Characters capacities from chromosome X the sessolegati factors are recessivi.

He inherits independent

Characters legacies to chromosome X therefore capacities from independent chromosomes are not transmitted are from the males who give the females. This type of inherits not vincola the dominant or recessivi characters who come maintained.

Color

The color of the canaries and format essentially from 2 factors:

the LIPOCROMI  that constitute the color of bottom

the MELANINE that form the design.

These differ in

         EUMELANINE (black. dark brown colors sottopiuma the spout legs skin)

         FROMELANINE (browns tending to the rossiccio and color the periphery of the piuma)

The green and the type (color) base.

The canaries can be therefore:

 lipocromici (without design)

  Yellow, red, yellow ivory, dominant and recessivo white man, OO.RR.

Melanici (with design: striature back and flanks, vergature shoulders, marcature tail and wings)

   Black, tawny  (also said cinnamon), agate, isabella   (titpi base)

   Pastel, past. Grey wings, opal, pheo or ino, satin?topazio, eumo, onyx (added types)

The CATEGORIES  in the canaries are 3

    Intense    pigment pushed until all.apice of the piuma in kind has piume short

    Brinato    pigment until zone centers them of the piuma in kind has piume long

    Mosaic  single pigment in elective zones

The canaries go therefore indicate to you with Variet Type? category.

 (the lipocromici per?/span >  single pigment in elective zones

  Example of intense   yellow lipocromico

       .            melanico        red agate mosaic

The colors have of the dominanze and cio?n presence of the 2 colors only one and effectively visible while l.altro and carried to the latent state

if only sessolegato from the males.

Tawny black  green Dominanze sessolegate ?font >?font> ?font > agate ?font > isabella

Every color puo. to be bearer of the inferior color, never of the advanced one

Es an agate green puo. to be potatore, but an agate puo. not to be bearer of tawny.

Bibliography:  Champions and razzatori  George de Baseggio